The principles and techniques of quality management have been applied to hard product manufacturing for decades (Walton, 1986). However, it is only recently that soft product development, such as instructional design, has begun to explore the need to understand and apply these same principles and techniques to services (Bhalla, 2009). The US government, as a consumer, is keenly aware of the need to use taxpayer money wisely, lest the injudicious procurement of products and services become a viral story on the Internet. This is especially true of the Department of Defense (DoD), whose FY 2010 budget includes 2.3% or $15.2 billion allocated for training (US OMB, 2009).
In order to justify spending taxpayer money and insure the procurement of quality instructional product for military service members, the US government and DoD have turned to the use of quality management principles and procedures as a measure of the quality of the service of government contracts (M. Verrill, personal communication, October 2009). One common measure of implementation of quality management principles is certification by the Organization for International Standards (ISO) under the ISO 9000 platform (ISO, 2010). However, many contracts are earmarked for bidding limited to small businesses only. For many of these companies, an ISO 9000 audit is a major capital investment, involving considerable time and effort (M. Verrill, personal communication, October 2010).
The subject raises several questions pertinent to the issues on which this research is based:
- Is the requirement for ISO 9000 certification or use of ISO-like procedures a necessary evil, or does it duplicate procedures and practices already embedded in many instructional design models and principles of project management?
- Will focus on quality management principles create an environment like the manufacturing one in which they were designed?
- Will courseware developers tend to rely on them more than on instructional design principles?
- Will ISO 9000 certification, which focuses on the process, not the product, create a false sense in the Government as a customer and in the contractors that the instructional output will meet all the requirements of instructional design and learning theories?
References
Bhalla, K. (2006, February 13). Why a quality management system in service industries? Retrieved October 11, 2009, from http://www.isixsigma.com/library/content/c060213a.asp
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2010). ISO 9000 – Quality management. Retrieved October 17, 2010 from http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_and_leadership_standards/quality_management.htm
United States Office of Management and Budget (US OMB). (2009, May). Budget of the U. S. Government, Fiscal Year 2010. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Walton, M. (1986). The Deming Management Method. New York: The Putnam Publishing Group.
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